Glossary
Glossary created by Berkman Center team
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RegistrationFormally obtaining copyright protections for a creative work by notifying the copyright office that it exists. In U.S. copyright law, although a creative work receives copyright at the moment it is fixed in a tangible form, a copyright holder cannot file suit against an alleged infringer without officially registering the work with the copyright office. The Berne Convention does not require registration, or any other official formalities. See also:
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Religious Legal SystemA religious legal system is one where the law is based on the tenets of a particular religion. Some religious legal systems exist on their own, while some exist in conjunction with another legal system. Sharia, the system of religiously inspired Islamic law, is an example of a religious legal system, as are Hindu law and Halakha or Jewish law. See also:
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RightsThe rights a creator, copyright holder, the public or member of the public has as a result of copyright. Copyright grants its holder various exclusive rights as part of its limited time monopoly. These rights can be usefully divided into economic rights and moral rights. In addition, as part of the copyright “bargain” the public gains certain rights in a copyrighted work as well. A list of these rights follows. Right of IntegrityThe right to prevent the destruction or defacement of a creative work, or to object to any changes made to a creative work Most often seen in the context of a painting or sculpture. For example, the rights to a piece of art on display. Right of AttributionThe right to be known as the creator of a particular creative work, to be given appropriate credit for one’s creations, and not to be blamed for things one did not create. Right of DisclosureThe right to determine when and if a work shall be made public. Right of ReproductionThe right to make copies of a work. Right of AdaptationThe right to make derivative works. Right of DistributionThe right to sell, export or import a work or copies of a work. Right of Public Performance and DisplayThe right to perform or display a work in public. Right of WithdrawalThe right to withdraw a work from the public sphere. Most commonly seen with artworks of which only a single copy exists but also sometimes seen as a right to purchase extant copies of a creative work at a reduced rate. For example, a book a writer no longer wants on the market. Right of AccessThe right of the public to have access to a published copyrighted work. This particular right is actually not a right of the copyright holder, but rather of the public. In return for granting the creator the various copyrights, arguably at the expense of the public, the public gains access to the work. Other resources:
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Rome ConventionThe Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations The Rome Convention is an international copyright agreement specifically addressing the rights of three groups. These groups are: performers, the producers of sound recordings, and the broadcasters of broadcasts, all of whom receive protection for their efforts, especially against acts to which they have not consented, like being recorded. First done in 1961, the convention attempts to offer specific protection for creative work that might otherwise not qualify for copyright, usually because of its transitory nature. See also:
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